Dark spots, also known as hyperpigmentation, are areas of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin. They can occur anywhere on the body, but are most common on the face, hands, and arms. Dark spots are caused by an overproduction of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.
There are many different causes of dark spots, including:
Sun exposure: The most common cause of dark spots is sun exposure. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can damage the skin cells, causing them to produce more melanin. This can lead to age spots, sun spots, and liver spots.
Skin injuries: Injuries to the skin, such as acne scars, cuts, and burns, can also cause dark spots. As the skin heals, it may produce more melanin, which can lead to hyperpigmentation.
Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause, can also trigger dark spots. This is because hormones can stimulate the production of melanin.
Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, can also cause dark spots.
Medications: Some medications, such as birth control pills and certain antibiotics, can cause dark spots as a side effect.
Dark spots are usually harmless, but some people may choose to treat them for cosmetic reasons. There are a number of treatments available, including:
Skin-lightening creams: These creams contain ingredients that can help to lighten the skin.
Chemical peels: Chemical peels use a chemical solution to remove the top layer of skin, which can help to fade dark spots.
Laser therapy: Laser therapy uses lasers to target and destroy the pigment cells that are causing the dark spots.
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What is dark spots?